Application of CT，CTM series alternator for hydropower

Water covers about 71% of the earth. There is a huge energy inside the constant flowing water of rivers and lakes. The flowing water could be developed to produce electricity to benefit mankind providing inexhaustible green energy.
Flow, water head and generator are the 3 elements to get water electricity. Werner permanent magnetic Inverter generator (CT series,CTM Series) could supply high quality green power to the world.
Following is the method to utilize CT ,CTM Inverter generator to get water electricity easily for clients with preference of clean power.
Flux depend on the river. it will be of very low utilization rate to use kinetic energy of water directly, because it is impossible to bestrew with water turbines in the whole cross section of river. There is a suggestion to convert potential energy of water into electric energy of generator according to local conditions without damaging the environment. Water head is necessary to the potential energy and the general head of the river is formed gradually, with small head of nature water in short distance. So it need to take some steps to boost the head, in other words, centralizing dispersive nature water head to available water head. 

The basic principle of hydroelectric power and types
1. Centralize head method: Damming
2. Water Diversion method(or both mixed)

Damming to generate power:
Damming in reach of river with big head and build reservoir to boost the water head, then install water turbine generator outside the dam. Water from reservoir to water turbine in low place outside the dam through water diversion, drive turbine rotation who then drive generator to produce electricity, finally to downstream river channel through tailrace. This is damming to generate electricity.
Chart 1 is the SCH for damming to generate electricity.

Chart 1

There is a big water head Ho between water level of reservoir and the outlet of the water turbine generator so as to produce energy with larger water potential energy, which can acquire high availability of water resource. The hydroelectric station which by damming to centralize head is called dam type electric station, include hydroelectric station at dam-toe and river channel hydroelectric power station

Type of water diversion to generate power
Building reservoir in high section of river to enhance water level and installing water turbine generator in low section, water go to water turbine at low location through the long water diversion across the mountain, which drive turbine rotation who then drive generator to produce electricity, finally to downstream river channel through tailrace. This is type of water diversion to generate power. Chart 2 is the principle for water diversion to generate power.

Chart 2

There is a big water head Ho between water level of reservoir and the outlet of the water turbine generator so as to produce energy with larger water potential energy, which can acquire high availability of water resource. The hydroelectric station which centralize head by water diversion is called diversion type hydroelectric power station, including pressure diversion-type hydropower station and no pressure diversion-type hydropower station

Main parameters to acquire electricity
We can come to know better through the working parameters of hydroelectric station, which include flux, water head, output power and so on.
1.Flux Q is the volume of water through water turbine unit time, unit is m3／s。
2.Gross water head, unit is m
Hydroelectric station high section water level is Zu, low section water level is Zd, then:
  Ho =Zu- Zd

3. Output Power, natural water power Pt in unit time is called hydroelectric station theory output power, is
 
The practical output power is lower than the theory output power in hydroelectric station. There is loss of energy from water power to electric power, which main containing water head loss and energy converted loss:
It will lose part of energy when water passing the water diversion, which is called water head loss Ah. This relate to the length of water diversion, shape of cross area, material of structure, laying method and so on. It can be precisely calculated out after the hydroelectric station completely fixed up. Estimate Ah=(1%～10%)Ho when preliminary calculation, choose big value with long diversion & high flowing speed and small value with short diversion & low flowing speed.
In addition, there is also energy loss for transmission equipment and in the process of energy conversion. The efficiency is 90%-95% for water turbine and 90%-98% for generator. The practical output power P in hydroelectric station is:

ηt is the overall efficiency for water turbine generator, k is coefficient for output power in hydroelectric station. k is usually 6.5-8.0 for small and medium-sized hydropower station

Werner CT,CTM series high efficiency magnetic inverter alternator adopt anticorrosion and moisture proof structure design, which is specially developed for water power application. It is the best selection for small home use power station, supplying quality electricity with stable frequency and voltage at different potential energy (flux).In this way, it is become easy to utilize water power to supply clean green power to clients.